VIET NAM: JOINT RESPONSE PLAN MULTIPLE TYPHOONS AND FLOODS (2025)

In 2025, Viet Nam faced one of its most severe and prolonged typhoon seasons in decades. Eleven typhoons and tropical depressions struck or influenced the country between May and early October, bringing relentless rains, floods, and landslides across northern and central provinces. The compounding impact of these consecutive events, particularly Typhoon No. 10 (Bualoi) and Typhoon No. 11 (Matmo), triggered extensive humanitarian needs and widespread damage to housing, infrastructure, and livelihoods. 

Typhoon Bualoi made landfall between Quảng Trị and Hà Tĩnh provinces on 28–29 September, delivering torrential rainfall exceeding 400–500 mm in some areas. Within days, Typhoon Matmo added heavy rainfall to already inundated basins. The two storms arrived less than a week apart, overwhelming drainage systems, breaching river dykes, and cutting road access across multiple provinces. 

As of December 10, 2025, natural disasters across the country have resulted in significant human and material losses. A total of 420 people have been reported dead or missing, and 730 others injured. Approximately 4,185 houses have collapsed, been swept away, or destroyed, while 347,894 houses have been damaged or lost their roofs. In agriculture, 545,352 hectares of rice and other crops have been inundated and damaged. Livestock losses include 73,311 cattle and 5.16 million poultry that have died or been swept away. In aquaculture, 171,763 fish cages and rafts have been damaged. Infrastructure has also suffered severe impacts, with 1,032 kilometers of dikes, embankments, and canals damaged; 115 kilometers of riverbanks and coastlines eroded; and 1,259 kilometers of roads affected, with a total landslide volume estimated at 14.5 million cubic meters. The overall economic loss is estimated to exceed VND 99,892 billion[1]. 

(Compared with the same period in 2024, the number of deaths and missing persons in 2025 (420 cases) represents 81% of the 2024 figure (519 cases). However, economic losses in 2025, estimated at VND 99,892 billion, are approximately 9% higher than the VND 91,622 billion recorded in 2024)

The Government of Viet Nam activated its national disaster response mechanism immediately after Bualoi’s landfall, mobilizing local authorities, rescue forces, and resources for mass evacuations and emergency relief. Over 53,000 people were pre-emptively evacuated from high-risk areas, while military and police units conducted search-and-rescue operations in mountainous areas. Above-average rainfall persisted through mid-October, posing secondary flooding and landslides in the northern regions. 

Given the subsequent landfall of Tropical Storm/Typhoon No. 12 (Fengshen), Tropical Storm/Typhoon No. 13 (Kalmaegi) and associated flooding, an Addendum has been included in a later section of this JRP. This Addendum reflects the additional impacts in central and south-central provinces, expands the geographical scope, and updates caseloads and sectoral priorities so that the full multi-typhoon sequence is captured within a coherent, Government-led response framework.

[1] Viet Nam Disaster and Dyke Management Authority